Friedrich von Bernhardi's "Germany and the Next War," published in 1911, is a controversial book that advocates for war as a natural and even necessary element of national development. Here's a summary of its key points:
- War as Biology: Bernhardi argues that war reflects the "struggle for existence" seen in nature. The strong overpower the weak, leading to a "biological" justification for war as a means of progress.
- Germany's Right to Rise: Bernhardi felt Germany, a growing nation, was being stifled by surrounding powers. He believed war was necessary for Germany to achieve its rightful place on the world stage.
- Inevitability of Conflict: International diplomacy is seen as weak and ineffective. Bernhardi argues tensions between nations will naturally lead to war, and Germany must be prepared.
- Military Strength and Public Will: The book emphasizes the importance of a strong military for Germany's success. Bernhardi also calls for a public that embraces war as a necessary evil.
It's important to remember the context. This book was published just before World War I, and Bernhardi's views are considered a reflection of growing militarism in Germany at the time. The book was highly criticized by other nations and is seen by many historians as a contributing factor to the outbreak of WWI
