Vitruvius Pollio

Vitruvius Pollio: Roman Architect and Author

Vitruvius Pollio, though likely born with the first name Marcus, is best known simply as Vitruvius. He lived during the 1st century BC, a period of great change and development in Roman architecture. While details about his life are scarce, his lasting contribution to the field is undeniable.

Key Points:

• Flourished: 1st century BC (estimates range from 80-70 BC to after 15 BC)
• Profession: Roman architect, engineer, and author
• Famous Work: De architectura (On Architecture), a ten-volume treatise on architecture

Life and Career

• There are uncertainties surrounding Vitruvius's life. Historians believe he may have come from a prominent Roman family and received training in architecture.
• He likely served in the Roman military as an engineer, possibly under Julius Caesar and later under Octavian (later known as Emperor Augustus). His experience likely involved travel throughout the Roman world, including Gaul and North Africa.
• While details of his architectural projects are limited, he is credited with designing a basilica at Fanum Fortunae (modern Fano, Italy).

Lasting Legacy: De architectura

• Vitruvius's most significant contribution is his book De architectura. As the only surviving major architectural treatise from antiquity, it has had a profound impact on Western architecture.
• Divided into ten volumes, De architectura covers a wide range of topics, including architectural theory, construction techniques, materials, urban planning, and even philosophy and mathematics.
• The book served as a guide for architects during the Renaissance and continues to be a valuable source of information about Roman architecture and engineering.